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Wole Soyinka at 92: Nigeria’s literary titan, Africa’s conscience and global intellectual powerhouse

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Wole Soyinka

By Ehi Braimah

There are writers, there are intellectuals, and there are moral giants whose influence transcends literature to shape the conscience of nations.

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Professor Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde Soyinka belongs unmistakably to the latter category. As he celebrates his 92nd birthday, the world salutes not merely Nigeria’s greatest literary icon, but one of humanity’s most enduring champions of justice, freedom and the dignity of the human spirit.

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As he celebrates his 92nd birthday, the world salutes not merely Nigeria’s greatest literary icon, but one of humanity’s most enduring champions of justice, freedom and the dignity of the human spirit.

For over seven decades, Wole Soyinka (Kongi) has stood as an unyielding voice against oppression, tyranny and intolerance. His life has been defined by extraordinary courage, immense scholarship and a solid commitment to truth, regardless of the consequences.

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He is not simply a Nobel laureate; he is an institution whose intellectual influence stretches from Africa to Europe, the Americas and Asia.

I had the chance of a close encounter with Kongi in August 2023, when Jahman Anikulapo, my brother, friend and colleague (Anikulapo is Editorial Director of Naija Times) and Soyinka’s trusted mentee, invited me to a Public Exchange, titled “Isese, Samarkand and Other Markets of the Mind,” held at Kongi’s Harvest Art Gallery, Freedom Park, Lagos.

The Isese masterclass in public intellectual engagement was far more than a lecture on Yoruba traditional religion – it became an important conversation on religious freedom, cultural identity, intellectual inquiry and democratic values.

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At the Isese forum, we had journalists, academics, writers, lawyers, artists, theatre practitioners, traditional religious adherents, diplomats, and cultural enthusiasts.

The interdisciplinary gathering of minds reflects Soyinka’s remarkable ability to convene diverse audiences.

The event came against the backdrop of controversy surrounding the celebration of Isese Day, particularly in Kwara State, where traditional worshippers faced hostility.

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Soyinka argued that Isese is not antagonistic to Christianity or Islam, but represents a legitimate spiritual and philosophical tradition deserving equal respect under Nigeria’s Constitution.

He maintained that those who sought to suppress other people’s beliefs demonstrated insecurity rather than religious strength.

That’s Kongi for you, a global intellectual giant and highly respected cultural influencer.

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By describing Isese as a “quest for illumination of the human condition,” Soyinka shifted the discussion beyond ritual and religion.

He presented Isese as a repository of ethics, philosophy, history, aesthetics, and indigenous knowledge.

In doing so, he challenged long-held prejudices that equate African traditional beliefs with superstition, inviting Nigerians to engage seriously with their own civilisational heritage.

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What I found interesting was that Soyinka didn’t deliver a lecture, but engaged in an extended dialogue, fielding questions and encouraging debate.

This reinforced his lifelong belief that knowledge flourishes through critical inquiry rather than dogma.

After the Isese event, Anikulapo was able to get Soyinka to be interviewed for a recorded goodwill message for the third anniversary of Naija Times which held in Abuja on October 19, 2023. His message was that the media must be independent and influence purposeful leadership.

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When Soyinka became the first African to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986, the award recognised far more than literary brilliance.

It honoured a writer who had expanded the boundaries of world literature while remaining deeply rooted in African history, mythology and philosophy.

His Nobel Prize became a defining moment not only for Nigeria but for the entire African continent, affirming that African voices deserved equal recognition on the world’s highest literary stage.

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Soyinka’s remarkable body of work remains one of the richest contributions to modern literature. His plays continue to challenge audiences with their depth, symbolism and political relevance.

The Lion and the Jewel brilliantly explores the tensions between tradition and modernity.

The Strong Breed examines sacrifice and communal responsibility. Death and the King’s Horseman, widely regarded as one of the greatest plays ever written, masterfully interrogates colonialism, cultural misunderstanding and moral obligation.

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A Dance of the Forests, commissioned during Nigeria’s independence celebrations, remains a timeless reminder that nation-building requires honest confrontation with history rather than romantic self-deception.

His novels equally occupy an honoured place in world literature. The Interpreters captured the complexities confronting Nigeria’s post-independence intellectual class, while Season of Anomy explored resistance against corruption and authoritarianism.

His memoirs – including Ake: The Years of ChildhoodYou Must Set Forth at Dawn and The Man Died – offer profound insights into both personal experience and national history.

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His essays consistently display the razor-sharp intellect and fearless honesty that have become his trademarks.

Beyond literature, Soyinka’s poetry possesses remarkable emotional and philosophical depth.

His verses weave together mythology, politics, spirituality and human suffering, demanding thoughtful engagement from readers while rewarding them with profound insight.

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His command of language remains extraordinary, effortlessly combining Yoruba cosmology with universal themes that resonate across cultures.

Yet it is impossible to celebrate Wole Soyinka without acknowledging his lifelong activism. Throughout his life, he has repeatedly placed principle above personal comfort.

During Nigeria’s civil war, he courageously sought peaceful dialogue and paid dearly for it, enduring solitary confinement for nearly two years.

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Rather than silence him, imprisonment strengthened his resolve. His prison writings remain among the most compelling testimonies to the resilience of the human spirit.

Across successive military dictatorships and civilian administrations alike, Soyinka has consistently spoken truth to power.

He has criticised injustice wherever he has found it, refusing to align himself permanently with any political establishment.

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His loyalty has always been to democratic values, human rights and the welfare of ordinary citizens rather than to transient governments or political personalities.

His moral courage has inspired generations of journalists, academics, students, lawyers, playwrights and civil society activists throughout Africa and beyond.

Even those who disagree with his opinions readily acknowledge the integrity that underpins his convictions.

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Professor Soyinka’s influence extends well beyond Nigeria’s borders. Few African intellectuals command such an extensive global network.

He has taught at leading universities across the world, including institutions in Nigeria, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates, enriching generations of students with his vast knowledge of literature, theatre, history and political thought.

As a visiting professor, lecturer and public intellectual, he has become one of Africa’s most respected ambassadors in global academia.

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His friendships and professional relationships span Nobel laureates, presidents, diplomats, artists, philosophers, actors and fellow writers from every continent.

He has shared platforms with world leaders while remaining equally comfortable engaging young students in classrooms and public forums.

His influence cuts across disciplines, making him not merely a literary figure but a global statesman of ideas.

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International organisations frequently seek his counsel on democracy, cultural identity, freedom of expression and conflict resolution.

Universities continue to honour him with numerous honorary doctorates and distinguished fellowships.

Literary festivals across the world celebrate his contributions, while scholars devote entire careers to studying his works and philosophy.

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One of Soyinka’s greatest achievements has been his ability to bridge Africa and the wider world without sacrificing his cultural authenticity.

He has never diluted his African identity to gain international acceptance. Instead, he has demonstrated that authentic African experiences possess universal relevance.

His writings affirm that local histories, indigenous beliefs and African traditions deserve equal space within global intellectual discourse.

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His passion for theatre has similarly transformed African performance traditions.

Through the Orisun Theatre Company and countless productions, he elevated African drama onto the international stage while nurturing generations of playwrights, actors and directors.

Many of Africa’s leading literary voices acknowledge Soyinka as mentor, inspiration or intellectual guide.

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At 92, his curiosity remains undiminished. He continues to write, travel, lecture and participate in conversations about democracy, governance, security, education, cultural preservation and global affairs.

His voice retains its unmistakable authority because it is anchored not in political expediency but in lifelong consistency.

Nigeria owes Professor Soyinka an immense debt of gratitude. In an era when integrity often appears negotiable, he has demonstrated that intellectual independence remains possible.

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He has shown that scholarship should illuminate society rather than merely decorate academic institutions.

He has reminded writers that literature carries moral responsibility, and he has inspired countless young Africans to believe that ideas can indeed change nations.

His legacy cannot be measured solely by books published, awards received or speeches delivered.

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It resides in the generations of thinkers he has inspired, the freedoms he has defended and the courage he has exemplified.

He has become one of the defining moral voices of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

As Professor Wole Soyinka marks his 92nd birthday, Nigerians, Africans and admirers across the globe celebrate a life magnificently lived in service to literature, justice and humanity.

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His pen has challenged dictators, comforted the oppressed, educated generations and elevated African literature to its rightful place in the world.

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May the years ahead continue to bless this extraordinary son of Africa with good health, clarity of mind and enduring strength. His voice remains indispensable, his example timeless and his legacy immortal.

Happy 92nd birthday, Professor Wole Soyinka.

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Opinion

When Port Harcourt hosted Wole Soyinka

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Port Harcourt

By Dr. Sam Akpe,

 

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The hall wore a robe of expectations as minutes ticked towards the hour. The city was wrapped in the mood of impending festivity. Something was in the air. Road safety personnel and armed policemen were on duty—directing traffic and maintaining orderliness along Woji Road.

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A walk into the event hall felt like an excursion into a carnival. From the urbane music equipment emitting jazzy tunes, to the symmetrically-arranged seats, the arty wall decorations, and the storybook backdrop, poetry was on display.

Outside, directly opposite the car park, a massive poster announcing the event in the making—the Annual Wole Soyinka Lecture with a life-size portrait of the literary legend—exhibited what was about to unfold.

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The imposing poster also indicated two other persons—the technocrat extraordinaire, Chief Ndutimi Alaibe, as chairman of the day, while the former Aviation and Aerospace Development Minister, Chief Osita Chidoka—was the guest speaker.

Indeed, almost the entire Port Harcourt—a city of political frenzy, soaked in oily wealth but surrounded by shantytowns—was in colourful feel of expectancy, as it awaited the arrival of Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde Soyinka, Africa’s first Nobel Laureate in Literature.

Then almost surreptitiously, the literary idol walked into the hall unannounced. Except for his traditional white hair, the big smile, and the hawk-like penetrating eyes, the hall almost missed his entry. Eventually, everyone rose in honour of the reverential figure—the father of modern political literature.

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The 92-years old, with a deep voice, was in the city not just to attend a lecture in his honour, but to participate in a highbrow yearly ritual of the National Association of Seadogs, also called Pyrates Confraternity—a body of intellectual militants founded by him several decades ago.

It turned out to be quite an explosive event. Chairman of the summit, Chief Ndutimi Alaibe, known simply as ‘Timi, paid extensive tributes Wole Soyinka before setting the tone for the lecture that triggered off wide-ranging discussions.

‘Timi told the audience that Nigeria is immeasurably better today because of people like Soyinka who, throughout his remarkable journey, has consistently chosen the harder path—the path of conscience, courage, and truth—when silence could have been safer, easier, and far more rewarding to him.

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Labelling the scholarly sage as a man with generosity of spirit and loyalty to friends, he applauded Soyinka’s readiness to encourage worthy causes, and the extraordinary willingness to show up whenever principle, rather than prominence was needed.

He declared, “Today, we honour you not merely with words, but with our presence and our shared commitment to engage the very questions your life has posed to our nation for more than six decades—questions of justice, accountability, freedom, and the moral courage required to build a truly democratic society.”

Besides, the lecture, the event was also a celebration of those described as the National Association of Seadogs Martyrs—a group comprising members of the confraternity arrested on February 17, 1997, imprisoned and tortured by the military in Rivers State on accusation of undue radicalism.

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Their ordeal, which lasted 72 days, stated Dr Joseph Oteri, the confraternity leader, was an unplanned journey into the darkest hell of the late General Sani Abacha’s regime, “for daring to believe that Nigeria deserved better than the boot of a dictator,” until they were freed by a court of law.

‘Timi noted that the arrest and prosecution of the Pyrates was basically “for refusing to be silent in the face of oppression” describing the victims as “enduring symbols of resilience and civil courage in the struggle for the restoration of democracy and the rule of law.”

He said the anniversary of the event reminded everyone that democracy not freely bestowed; but was won through the sacrifices of countless Nigerians –many celebrated, many unsung—who endured intimidation, persecution and personal loss in defence of freedom, justice and accountable governance.

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Going down memory lane, he mentioned other martyrs of democracy to include “Dele Giwa, whose fearless journalism challenged military authoritarianism until it claimed his life, Ken Saro-Wiwa and the Ogoni Nine, whose martyrdom awakened the world’s conscience to environmental justice and human rights, Kudirat Abiola, whose courage sustained the struggle to reclaim a stolen democratic mandate.

“We remember Chief Alfred Rewane, whose unwavering commitment to democracy cost him his life. And we remember Chief Bola Ige, Nigeria’s former Attorney-General and Minister of Justice, whose assassination remains, to our enduring national shame, unresolved.”

Then he added: “Whether through imprisonment or assassination, torture or intimidation, these men and women bore heavy personal burdens so that future generations might live under the rule of law rather than the rule of fear.

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“Their stories remind us that civil courage is not an abstract ideal. It is rather the willingness to stand for what is right, even when the consequences are severe and deadly.

“As we honour their memories today, may we also recommit ourselves to completing the work for which they sacrificed so much—building a Nigeria founded on justice, accountability, constitutional governance and respect for the dignity of every citizen.”

The hall sat in silence, except for intermittent applauses and fulfilled smiles from Soyinka as ‘Timi recalled rare moments of encounter with the erudite professor several years ago—a part of four decades of relationship that has profoundly shaped his understanding of what Soyinka means to Nigeria.

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He mentioned an instance of close interaction in 2006 when, under the auspices of the Commission of Nobel Laureates, Soyinka was part of an international mission that visited the Niger Delta to promote peaceful dialogue and undertake a fact-finding exercise in the region—including a visit to the Niger Delta Development Commission, where ‘Timi served.

He recalled that after listening to their presentation, Soyinka remarked that the NDDC had taken on an enormous burden on behalf of a beleaguered region and deserved to be remembered as one of the positive initiatives of the Obasanjo administration, adding with characteristic generosity, “I will remember to commend him when next I see him.”  

Two years later, ‘Timi’s late wife, Alaere, extended an invitation to the revered literary czar who was then in the United States, immersed in an exceptionally demanding schedule, to visit ‘Timi’s village of Igbainwari in Opokuma, Bayelsa State, to inaugurate the Wole Soyinka Library—an initiative of Alaere’s organisation, Family Reorientation, Education and Empowerment (FREE).

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He revealed that what made that visit even more remarkable was that Soyinka “did not merely fly in to perform a ceremonial duty and depart. He chose to spend the night in our modest country home in that remote riverine community.

“For a man of such global stature—a Nobel Laureate whose voice commanded respect across continents—it was an extraordinary act of humility. Let me add that he also tried Izon local brew.

“By his presence, he honoured not only our family but also an entire community that had long felt disregarded, affirming that no place is too small, and no people too insignificant, to deserve dignity, learning, and hope.

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“He spoke with genuine admiration of my late wife’s vision, courage, and steadfast determination, recognising in her work a powerful testament to what conviction and selfless service can accomplish. He said ‘I am not often impressed with people, but she has succeeded in impressing me with her drive, her vision and her total commitment.’”

‘Timi noted that Soyinka created more impact during that visit when he spoke to the youth of the Niger Delta whose militancy at that time had emerged as one of the defining challenges confronting the Niger Delta.

Soyinka offered a wise counsel urging them to choose dialogue over violence and a future built on peace, not conflict.

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With characteristic moral clarity, he challenged them to embrace “intellectual militancy in pursuit of the region’s development—a powerful call to exchange the force of weapons for the power of ideas, knowledge, and constructive engagement.”

By his confession, ‘Timi’s reminiscences were not merely out of nostalgia, but because they spoke directly to the event of the day, or as he put it, long before “reclaiming the state” became a familiar phrase, Soyinka was already living it’s meaning.

Or how would you describe a man of Soyinka’s standing journeying to a remote community which many considered too insignificant to matter, just to inaugurate a library and spend a night among strangers without ceremony or pretence, in an environment of budding militancy—with violence on parade.

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Soyinka’s act simply affirmed that the true measure of leadership is not the distance one travels, but the willingness to stand with people wherever they are. ‘Timi described this as principled leadership and accountability exercised with wisdom and humility.

On the of the theme: “Reclaiming the Nigerian State through Accountability, Justice and Civil Courage” the former managing director of NDDC said it speaks directly to the realities of the Nigeria—a country we inhabit and the nation we aspire to build.

His words: “Nigeria is blessed with extraordinary human talent, abundant natural resources and remarkable resilience. Yet we continue to fall short of our collective potential. Our national challenge has never been a lack of diagnosis; it has been a failure to act consistently on what we already know.”

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It was his view that too often, the institutions designed to hold power accountable have been weakened, thus making justice, for many Nigerians, a privilege rather than their inalienable right.

Restating the virtues of the confraternity, he said: “This gathering cannot, in good conscience, speak of reclaiming the Nigerian state without confronting one of the cardinal evils that the National Association of Seadogs was founded to repudiate.”

That evil, called tribalism, has birthed partisanship, clannishness, ethnic chauvinism and statism, while the enduring values of nationalism, absolute honesty, absolute selflessness, and love for all have been neglected, said ‘Timi.

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He asserted that, tribalism has become less an individual prejudice than a systemic condition, coursing through Nigeria’s national bloodstream and eating away at the very fabric of our society.

He noted that reclaiming the Nigerian state must therefore begin with reclaiming ourselves—by ensuring that the principles we so proudly profess are applied consistently, without fear or favour, irrespective of tribe, political affiliation, or the identity of those who wield power.

Ultimately, he said, “accountability is sustained not by laws alone but by the courage of men and women who insist that those laws apply equally to the powerful and the powerless.”

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His position was that reclaiming the Nigerian state would not be achieved by a single dramatic event, but through the steady accumulation of principled choices by citizens who refuse to be indifferent, institutions that remain faithful to their mandates, and leaders who choose integrity over expediency and courage over convenience.

Falling back on his modest experience in public service, ‘Timi said the journey has reinforced one enduring lesson in him, that sustainable development cannot exist without accountability, and that where institutions are weak, hope gives way to cynicism; where accountability is upheld, even limited resources can produce lasting impact.

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He urged participants to see beyond the event of the day as they aim to rebuild Nigeria, knowing that “nations are not reclaimed by rhetoric alone,” rather, they are reclaimed “when conscience triumphs over convenience, when institutions are stronger than individuals, and when citizens summon the courage to do what is right, even when it is difficult.”

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